ȹ()
Ӱ öƽ : PHA
. ڿ ()׳ /
öƽ ȸ ϰ ϴ ̶߰ ִ. ȭῡ , ־ ȯ ־ öƽ ߽ɿ ִٰ ̴. öƽ μ 淮, ɹ̼, پ ȸ ϰ ϴµ Ͽٴ . Ƿ ȸ öƽ ִ ̶ ص ƴ ̴. öƽ ɽġ ʰ ȯ η ǰ ϰ ִ. ̿ 츮 縦 öƽ ִ ϰ мϸ Ҿ ִ Ӱ öƽ ش ã Ѵ.
ذ Ǵ ̿öƽ PLA, PBAT, PBS, PCL, PHB ذ Ǵ ȯ ģȭ ִ. ڿ ϴ PHA ڵ ̻ ϸ鼭 źҿ dz ϴ ͷ ̴. PHA ο, , ܹ (bio based)̸鼭 (bio degradable) ϴ.
20 ô ص ƴ ̴. ݵü, IT ȭ ̷ ̶ ̴. öƽ 1960 20谡 Ͽ. öƽ 뷮 ȭǰ ӵ ½ 4.5% ϰ ִ. ġ ʴ´ٸ 2050 翡 ؼ 귮 谡 þ 2100 3谡 þ ̸ ̿ ̻ȭź þ ̶ ϰ ִ. Բ öƽ ϰ ִ. öƽ ȯ濡 ܷϿ ȯ ֹ ǰ ִ ̴.
̷ öƽ ؼ ϴ 뿡 ڰ ɸ ź̿ Ǹ ȯŰ ߸ü ɽġ ʰ ϱ Ѵ. ֱ ó ڸ鿡 ̷ öƽ ذå ɵ ְ ٷ ִ.
<Nature Reviews : Materials> 2022 3, <Nature Reviews : Earth & Environment> 2022 11 öƽ Ư Ǿ. (Materials) ȯ(Earth & Environment) ſ ؼ ٷ پϿ ‘Focus on Plastics’, ‘Plastics in the environment’ Ͽ Ǿ. Ư <Nature Reviews : Materials> 3ȣ ǥ Ƹ(Amazon)簡 Ŀϴ ̾.
Ư ؾ翡 ߰ߵǴ öƽ ĵ з ؾȰ öƽ 츮 Ͽ ο ã 䱸ϰ ִ. 900鸸 öƽ ؾ Եǰ ְ ó Ͽ 700 ؾ ̷ öƽ ų öƽ ؼ ް ִٰ ˷ ִ. ؾ翡 ԵǴ öƽ 2050 3迡 ̸ ڵ ϰ ִ. ؾ °迡 ԵǴ öƽ 츮 ο ġ ǥ ü ؾ ü ϰ ִ. å õؾ Դ. 츮 Բ 츮 ȣϰ ؾ ϸ ̷ 뿡 ϰ ǰ ȯ ־ ̴.
ذ پ ַ
öƽ ȯ ⸦ ѷ ȸ ſ ϴ. Ⱑ öƽ ߿ ǰ ִٰ θ νϰ Һڵ ߸ ൿ öƽ ؿ ϴ ̶ ִ. 뷮 Ӱ öƽ ̶ ʴ ̻ Һڵ ߸ ൿ ſ . Ӱ öƽ ̾߸ öƽ ظ ذϴµ ־ ʼ Ҷ ִ.
(entrepreneurs) ̷ ؾ öƽ ذϱ ؼ ̸ ȸ Ѵ. ֱ -ݽĴ κ Ϸ ϴ ؼ ϱ ߴ.
ؾ öƽ ذϴµ Ӱ ý ȿ Ͻ ϴµ ް ִ. ؾ öƽ ̷ ϸ鼭 ڽŵ Ͻ پ Ѿ ū ȸ ȭ ̴.
öƽ ذϴ ȸ 鿡 پ ַ 䱸Ѵ. װ å, ο Ͻ, Һڵ Һ ȭ ͵ ַ ִ. ο ǰ(product)̳ (technologies) (service) ̷ ִ ôڵμ ̷ ȭ ̶ֿ ִ.
ȯ 濵 ϱ پ ȸ鵵 ִ. ̻ȭź (offset) ý̳ öƽ ũƮ ؼ öƽ ûŸ ϰų ġ οϴ . ȸ öƽ ȸϿ ϰų, 縴(pellet)ȭ Ͽ ϱ ϸ, ̳ ̹ ؼ öƽ ŵ ϴ ο ý ϱ Ѵ.
Ư ؾ öƽ Ͽ ϴ ȸ鵵 ִ. ̷ ȸ Ź Ǵ ̼öƽ(micro plastics) ý̳ ̳ ȣ ϴ öƽ Ŵ ġ ϱ Ѵ.
̷ öƽ ־ ϴ ȯ Ҿ ٸ öƽ ϱ Ѵ. ֱ ״ Utrecht Martin Junginger ڻ ǥ (‘Plastic futures and their CO2 emissions’, Nature, 612, 272–276 (2022)) öƽ ̻ȭź ̷ ؼ Ͽ.
öƽ ü ֱ ȿ ̻ȭź ̱ Ͽ. öƽ ǰ bio-based(biomass) ؼ ̻ȭźҸ ϴ ε ̰ ̷. ̿Ž Բ öƽ ǰ ȭ Ͽ ٽ ȭǰ ϴ ε ̸ ؼ źҹ پ ȴ.
ȯ (circular economy) 2050 30% ڿ ϰ 10% ̻ ̻ȭź ̰ ̶ ߴ. ȯ ̿ (circular bio economy) ̿Ž ϰ Ŭ ν öƽ ־ ̻ȭź (negative) Ǿ Ÿ ڿ Һ ̰ ̶ ϰ ִ.
Ӱ öƽ : ̿öƽ Ȳ
ֱ а پ ڵ Թ (primer) ‘Ӱ öƽ()’ (Sustainable Polymers, Mohanty, A.K., Wu, F., Mincheva, R.et al.Sustainable polymers.Nat Rev Methods Primers, 2, 46 (2022)), ڵ ‘Ӱ öƽ’ ̶ (̿Ž , biobased, renewable) Ȱ ϰ źҿ̳ ̵ տ ؼ öƽ̸鼭 ̵ Ŀ Ȱǰų صǰų ȭ Ǵ öƽ̶ Ͽ. ‘Ӱ öƽ’ (ֱ) ȯ濡 پ鵵 öƽ̴.
Ӱ öƽ ü ֱ(life cycle), ź(renewable carbon)κ ռ , , Ư, , , , Ѱ Ȯ ʿ䰡 ִ. ڵ öƽ ִ پ źҿ(carbon feedstock) ؼ Ұϰ ִ. ̻ȭź, -긲 (ܷ) Եȴ.
ʱ ̱ܰ ο ‘Ӱ öƽ’ , ڵ ǰ, 3Dÿ ̹ Ǿ ִ. primer ‘Ӱ öƽ’ äϴµ 鿡 ؼ Ұϰ ִ. Ŭ , ȭ, 뷮 , , Ź(deposition) ̷ 鿡 å ؼ ϰ ִ. ‘Ӱ öƽ’ ڿκ öƽ(virgin plastics) ϰ ϴ ν öƽ ȯ ȭϰ ̶ ΰ ִ.
̷ ֱ öƽ ٷ а Ӱ Ҿ ַ â ϰų ȸ ‘Ӱ öƽ’ ϰ öƽ Ȱ(plastic recycling) ϳ ذå ϸ 鵵 ִ. Ư PHA迭 ڿ öƽ о߰ ȭ κп ϰ ִ.
̷ ȸ Բ PHA Ҿ ڿ迡 ص ִ 縦 ϴ ȸ鵵 ִ. 뷮 Ǵ ڿ迡 صǴ öƽ δ (bio based) (starch), ο(cellulose), ܹ( ܹ ) ִ. ȿ ȭռ PLA ִ. Ĺ ߹ öƽ ټ Ѵ. 2022 12 ̿öƽȸ(EUBP) nova institute Բ ǥ Ϳ 2022 ̿öƽ 2.23鸸 濡 2027 6.3鸸 ̶ ϰ ִ.
̿öƽ öƽ ǰ
̿öƽ ü ڿ (biobased, renewable) ᰡ ڿ , ̻ȭźҿ ذ Ǵ(biodegradable) ʿϴ. ̿öƽ 迡 PP, PE, PET ȭ ̷ öƽ ᰡ źҸ ϴ 迭 ִ( EUBPڷ ).
̱ (DOE) ְϴ Bio Preferred Program ڹ α ϰ ִµ bio based ǰ Ե ź(biogenic carbon) Ѵ. α Һڵ ̿Ž ǰ ս 忡 ִٴ Һڵ鿡 ˸ ̴. α ڿ Ǹžڴ α 䱸 ϸ ǰ ̳ ڷῡ ̱ ְ ȴ. ּ ̿Ž Է USDA’s Bio Preferred Federal Procurement Preference Program Ͽ ڼ ִ.
켱 α Ͽ ʴ ǰ鵵 ּ ̿Ž Է 25% ̸̻ ڰ ־. ؾ Ͽ ִ ǰ ּ ̿Ž Է ÷ ٲٴ ̴. ̱ ̿ ǰ ּ ̿Ž Է ̰ ִ.
̱ ǿ , ̿Ž ǰ̶ ü Ǵ κ ǰ, 깰(Ĺ, , ؾ ), 2002 Farm Bill ӻ깰 ǰ (ǰ̳ ) Ѵ. 2008 Farm Bill ̿Ž ǰ ǰ ȮǾ ̿ ߰糪 ֵ ԵǾ ̿Ž ǰ̶ Ѵ.
ϳ δ ؼ ִ. ̿ʹ ؼ ϴ ̾߱ǰ 츮 ̴. 2020 nova-Institute ‘Biodegradable Polymers in Various Environments’ ڷḦ ؼ ǥذ پ ڿ ȯ濡 ذ öƽ ؼ ǥϿ.
, ص Ʈ 簡 صȴٴ ֱ ؼ м Ŀ ȴ. ǿ ٸ ð ־ ص ̴.
PLA 52 ̻ µ ȣ ȭ ؼ ذ ̷. PBAT ȭ ǿ ذ ȴٰ Ǿ. ״ Է ص ǥȭ Ʈ ƴ. ӵ ذ Ͼ 깰 ̻ȭź ſ humus 翡 ٽ ִ.
Cellulose acetate(CA) 쿡 ȯ ǿ ̵常 صȴٴ Ǿ. ̻ ϴ ؼ öƽ ᰡ Ǵ PHA P3HB, P4HB, P3HB4HB, P3HB3HV, P3HB3HV4HV, P3HB3Hx, P3HB3HO, P3HB3HD پϿ پ ڿ ȯ濡 ص ִٰ ˷ ִ. ڿȯ پ Ʈ ǵ / ִ.
• ؾȯ: µ 30°C, 6 90% (: TÜV AUSTRIA OK biodegradable MARINE (ISO غ )
• ι(FRESH WATER): µ 21°C, ִ 56 90% (: TÜV AUSTRIA OK biodegradable WATER)
• : µ 25°C, ִ 2 ̳ 90% (: TÜV AUSTRIA OK biodegradable SOIL; DIN Certco DIN-Geprüft )
• ȭ: µ 28°C, ִ 12 ̳ 90% (: TÜV AUSTRIA OK compost HOME; DIN Certco DIN-Geprüft ȭ )
• Ÿ(LANDFILL): ٶ ƴϱ ǥȭ ̳
• ⼺ ȭ(ANAEROBIC DIGESTION): ȣ ̻ 52°C / ߿¼ ̻ 37°C; ǥȭ , Ϲ 90% ̸ ط
• ȭ: 58°C, ִ 6 90% (ǥ: EN 13432)
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