̿ ȯ ư ؼ ̹ ȿ Ȱ ƴٴϴ öƽ ̸ üϱ ؼ ο ̿ ִ ʿϴ. 츮 ϴ ǰ ʿ䰡 ϰ ϴ , Ḧ ϰ ؾ Ѵ.
. ڿ ()׳ /
ź ȯ, RCI
<Chemical Industry Digest> 2023 6ȣ ‘Ӱɼ’ Ưȣ ȭа ϴ Ͼ ڵ鿡 nova-Institut GmbH ߴ Renewable Carbon Initiative(RCI) ǥ, , 2 ٷ1) ڵ ȭл ٺ ȭ ʿϴٴ Ư ߴ.
RCI ߰ ְ Ŵ ð ִ Michael Carus ȭл ٺ ȭ ̾߱ϸ鼭, ȭ ̷ ִ Ͱ , źҰ ȭл ־ ο ʰ ̶ ϰ ִ. , 츮 ϴ κ ϴ źҸ ȯϴ ϸ鼭 2 ߴ.
ó ȭ, öƽ, ٸ 츮 ϴ κ ϴ źҸ, ȭῡ ź(fossil carbon) ʰ ź(renewable carbon) ؼ ̶ Ѵ. 꿡 Ŀø(decoupling) ϰ ǰ Ͼ ô뿡 츮 ư ִ. ̰ ٺ üμ, ȣ ־ ȿ ִ ı ̴. ϴ 뷮 Һ ȭǰ Һ ǰ Ե ź κ DZ ̴.
Ӱ ȭл ڵ Ʈũ Ϻθ ? źҷ ̷ ȯ Ҹ µ Բ ϰ ? ̿Ž(1), ̻ȭźҸ Ͽ ϴ CCU(Carbon capture & Utilization)(2), Ŭ(3) ؼ öƽ, , , پ ȭǰ ְ Ǿ ̴.
PHA(PolyHydroxyAlkanoate)
츮 8 ģ ̾ 翡 PHA(PolyHydroxyAlkanoate, Ͻ ī뿡Ʈ) ̸ ̸ ũ ȸ ȭ ϰ ִ Ҵ. RCI Ʈũ PHA ȭ ̷ ִµ ü GO! PHA ̴.
ó ̿ ؼ ǰ ȴ. ̴ öƽ ̰ ȯ ϰ ϸ ο ϴ ̶ ִ. ̱ ȸ 2023 ȭ ϴ ̻ ̴.
ַ ̷ ִ ȸ, ؼ Һ Ǽ 뿡 Ǿ, ȯ濡 ظ ƴ. 30 öƽ 3 ̻ ߰ ȯ α(UNEP) ų 5 Һ Ǵ Ѵ.
ȸ öƽ 98% ȭ ְ, Ǵ öƽ 50% ȸ̴.
ڵ ְ, ٴٷ صǴ Ĺ öƽ ü ϱ Դ. ʹ ʾҴ.
Ȳ ٲ ִ. öƽ ֿ Һ 귣 ȭ з 鼭 ġ 罽 ֵ ߴ. Ųٷ Ž ö ü Ͽ ȯ濡 Һڿ ȭ öƽ ϰ ִ.
̷ Ĺ öƽ üǰ “̿ öƽ”̶ Ҹ ̴ پ ǰ ǹ ִ ̴ܾ. PHA Ư ϴ. PHA ϸ , , Ŀ, , ⼺ ȴ(öƽ ̾ 2023 5ȣ ).
ڿ Ḧ Ͽ Ǵ ̿ܿ PHA Ǵ ϸ ȭ( Ǵ ) Ǵ ϴ ⼺ ȭ ڿ ư. ̷ ȯ ǰ ǰ .
PHA , , ι, Ƽ, , ȭǰ پ ȸ öƽ ü ִ.
̱ δ ̿ ǰ ȣϰ ְ ִ. 跲 20% öƽ ᰡ ƴ ȭǰ ϴ ȴ. ̿ ü ȯϸ ȭ , ź پ. 3 ̵ δ ̱ ̿ Ű ǥ . ̷ ǥ ϳ 20 ̳ öƽ 90% ̿ üǰ üϴ ̴. 10 ŸƮ PHA 縦 ȭϱ ϴ ο Ÿ. ̷ ĵ Ÿ 60 ̻ ȸ簡 PHA ȣϸ PHA ϴ GO! PHA Ἲߴ. CJ Biomaterials, Danimer, Kaneka, RWDC Newlight ȸ簡 ̷ 縦 ȭ, PepsiCo, Mars Kimberly Clark ֿ Ҹ 귣 Ʈʽ ΰ ִ.
Һ ϻ뿡 ϴ ǰ ̿ ؼ ִ.
GO! PHA ǵ , ħ ̴ ǵθ ִ. ֱ ̱ ĶϾֿ öƽ ذϰ ȯ ߱ϴ å ߴ. ĶϾְ SB 54 (öƽ åӹ, Plastic Pollution Prevention and Packaging Producer Responsibility Act) öƽ ϴ ִ.
Թڵ öƽ ϰ ȯ ϴ ǵ ļ Ǿ ۵ϵ ؾ ̴. ̱ (Farm Bill) 踦 ִ. ٳⰣ ǰ α ٷ Ը 5,000 ̸. ȸ ̿ ǰ Ÿ ø Һ տ ư 2002 USDA BioPreferred α Ȯؾ ˱ϰ ִ. Farm Bill 503 α ڱ Ȯϸ鼭 Ȯ Ϸ ̴. , ̱ ȸ ο о߰ Ϲ з ý(NAICS) зýۿ ǥõǾ å Ծڰ ֵ ν ̿ ְ ȴ.
, ذؾ ū 䱸 ϳ ȭ ⼺ ȭ ̿ Ḧ ó ʿ ϴ ̴. ȭδ ʴ. ̷ Ը ü PHA Ÿ ȸϿ ο ǰ ų dz ȭ ִ. ⼺ ȭ ̿ ź ϴµ, ̴ Ǿ ̳ ̿ μ ȯ ִ.
ź Ÿ , ̷ ³ȭ ̻ȭź 28谡 ȴ.
̹ (Here & Now!) ߵǾ ְ, Һڵ װ Ѵ. ̸ ϰ ϰ ִ. ο ȸ ʿ ũ ڱ ؾ ̴. öƽ ̶ ӿ ذå ٷ տ ٰԴ2).
̿ ȯ
̱ Benjamin Lee Whorf (ܾ) , 迡 (Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis) ϴ. ϴ ̵ Ѵٴ ̴. ٸ ̾Ͼ ̵ ڵ ٶ ٸ ִٴ ̴. ƴ϶ 츮 ܾ 츮 ִ.
‘Circular BioEconomy’(CBE, ȯ ̿ Ȥ ̿ ȯ) ܾ 츮Դ ͼ ̴ܾ. ȯ ̿ ܾ ѱ ǰ ִ. ȯ , ȯ 츮 ϴ ȯ Ͽ ǰ ִ. ̿ ܾ ѱ 츮 ϻ Ȱ ϴ ȭǰ DZ⺸ٴ , , Ƿ Ƿ ߾ 鼭, 츮 Ź ̵ а迡 ̷ ǹ̷ θ ǰ ִ.
̿ ܾ ѱ 츮 ϻȰ ϴ ȭǰ DZ ٴ , , Ƿ Ƿ ߾ 鼭, 츮 Ź ̵ а迡 ̷ ǹ̷ θ ǰ ִ.
̿ϴ ȭ, , Ƿ, ȯ, ڿ, о߸ ϴ ̿ ܾ Ƿ Ը ϻȰ ȭǰ Ը ξ ū 츮 Ȳ ַ Ƿо߿ ߾ ǰ ִ ̻ϰ ϴ ̵ ̴.
̱ ٸ 鿡 츮 Ȱ Ǵ 뷮 Һ ̿ Īϴ κп ߾ ִ (ȸ- ̿ , ѱ , ѱ ̿ȸ, ѱ̿ȸ Ȱ ϶). ̿ ȯ ‘Circular BioEconomy’ ѱ Ǵ ̿ ٲپ 䱸ϰ ִ.
̵ ɿ / ΰ?
ȭ о߿ TecnoOrbiChem ̿ ȭǰ о м Doris de Guzman 2022 ‘Bioeconomy: Poised at the crossroads’ ǥ3) ̿ COVID-19 翡 ؼ ߴ.
COVID-19 ̱ IRA ȿ ǥ ϸ ̿ ߿ ǥ . ̵ ġ ä ̵ ΰ ֱٿ ǥ а (2023 3 22) ̷ ȯߴ. Բ ȿ ȿ COVID-19 ӵ ְ Ǿ. ̷ ̱ ڿ ȰϿ ̱ ǰ ߰ ־ ȹ ȯ ۰ ϴ ǵ 鿩 ִ ̴.
̱ տ ̷ ̱ ̿ Ǽϴµ ߿ ù ߰ Ǿٴ Ѵ. ΰ , ̿ öƽ о߸ ִ ʼ ̴. ǥ ռ 2022 9 14Ͽ ̱ ǰ ̱ Ⱥ ° Jake Sullivan ֵ ‘а ְ ȸ’(Summit on Biotechnology and Biomanufacturing) ߴ. ̱ ǰ ο 20 ΰ ϱ ؼ а, о߿ ûϿ ǰ ð ̴.
迡 δ ȿ(gas ferment-ation) ̿Ͽ ö̳ ȭ Ǵ ȭ ϴ LanzaTech CEO Jennifer Holmgren, ռ ̿ BioFoundry Ͽ ϴ Ͻ Ginko Bioworks CEO Jaosn Kelly, ȿҸ ̿Ͽ H2O2 ϴ Solugen CEO Gaurab Chakrabarti4), κ ˷ ȿ ȿ Ͽ ȭǰ Amyris CEO John Melo ߴ.
ٸ (̿)5) ̸, öƽ ִ°?
(Ư ȯα UNEP ۷ι öƽ )
̿ öƽ ̿ ȯ(Circular Bioeconomy, CBE)
ȯα ȸ ð ִ Jyoti Mathur-Filipp “öƽ ȯ Ģ(-Eliminate, -Innovate, ȯ-Circulate: EIC) Ӱ ̷ ؼ ο ֽϴ. ̰ 츮 ʿ ʴ öƽ ϰ, 츮 ʿ öƽ ϰ ϰ, Ȱϰ ȭ ֵ ؾ ϸ, 츮 ϴ 츮 ȿ ȯǵ ϸ 츮 ȯκ ʵ ؾ մϴ” Ѵ. ̿ ȯ 츮 Ȱ ϴ 翡 ȯ, Ӱɼ, ̿ Ḧ ϵ ϴ Ѵ.
2022 12 ǥ Nature ǥ 6) ״ ڵ ź ִ پ ϸ鼭 ̿ ȯ ź ϰ ̴ ̶ Ϳ ָߴ.
ڵ LCA(ֱ ) öƽ öƽ , ȯ, о߿ , (end of life, EOL) ̸ Ǵ źҸ ߴ. 2100 µ 2 ̳ Ŭ ϴ źҼ ø ȿ(1), (ȭ ) öƽ ̿ öƽ ȯν ȿ(2), 꿡 Ǵ ȿ(3), öƽ ȿ(4) ϰ ߴ.
õ 4 ̿ ȯ(circular bioeconomy, CBE)7) ִ Ŭ, Ұ , Ÿ , ü Һ , ̿Ž ִ ȥ ִ μ ü ̻ȭź 鿡 ־.
ô 帧 ִ ϰ ִ. ȭа Ŀŧ 4г () (Process Design, Plant Design) ߴ ִ. ̷ Ŀŧ Cambridge п ‘Product Design ǰ ’ Ǿ, ֱٿ ״ Delft 뿡 ‘Circular Product Design’̶ ¶ ܳ8).
̿ ݰ ȥ: ‘Mass Balance’
ż ߺ ΰ ȭ ɸ. ȭȸ ̿ öƽ öƽ Ͽ Ḧ ̿ ȭ ǰ ϱ ؼ ȥϴ(blend) äϱ Ѵ. ̷ ٹ ٸ hemp() ο λ깰 ̿Ž Ḧ öƽ ȥϴ ̴. Ȥ Ḧ Ͽ(refining, fractionating) ȭ μ ϴ ̿ شѴ. 쿡 س Ȥ Ḧ ̿ öƽ Բ Ͽ ȭ ʸ̳ Ͽ ǰ ִ.
귣ʵ ̷ ‘mass balance’ Ҹ 縦 ̿ؼ ڽŵ ǰ Ḧ ϰ ִٰ Ѵ. 뿡 ̷ ‘mass balance’ ٹ ȭǰ ü鿡 Ż ֵ ϸ鼭 ÿ ̿ öƽ ü鿡 Ը Ű ֵ ִ ̴. Ȯ ‘Mass Balance’ ̿ ȯ ܱ ߰ ܰ ̴.
öƽ 9), öƽ Ϻθ ̿ öƽ ν Ͽ ȭϸ鼭 Ȯ Ȯϰ ̸ ϴ ȭǰ ӵ ̸ Ÿ ӵ ̴.
츮 뷫 츮 ϴ öƽ 40% 忡 ϴµ κ 1 ȿ ȴ.
忡 ϴ öƽ Ǹ κ 簡 Բ ǰ ȴ. öƽ 뷮 9% Ŭ Ǵµ ҰǸ Ÿǰų ȯ ȴ. ̷ ϱ ؼ, ̿ öƽ ȭ ִ öƽ 2000 ʹ PLA öƽ 忡 ߴ. PLA öƽ Ĺ . PLA ȭ ü ִµ Ư µ ǿ 90 ȿ ̻ ؼ ذ ȴ.
ʱ ذ ִ 忡 , ȭ ̿ öƽ ȸ о߿ ĩ ߴ. ֳϸ, ȭ ü ǥȭ Թ Ȯ ϱ ̴. , ̱ 鸸 öƽ ܱ ϸ鼭 ̱ Ȱ α з ư. з ȯ 䱸ǰ ִ: öƽ Һ ϰ ٿ ϸ 츮 ϴ öƽ ȯ ֵ ʿ䰡 ִ.
̱ ź(̿ ΰ?) ǰ Ŀ (ȭ Ǵ°?) Ȯ ֵ ̿ öƽ ߴ. ᰡ ̿ ǰ ϱ ؼ ̱ (USDA) BioPreferred ִµ 100% ̿ Ѵ. ȭ ؼ ASTM ǥص ־ Ϲ ȣ ǥ ݿϰ ̱ Ǿ ʿ䰡 ִ.
̱ BPI(Biological Products Institute) ִµ Din Certco Ͽ ǰ ȭ οϰ , ȭ ܱ Din Certco, TUV ִ. ؼ ǰ ܼ ̿ Ⱓ ˻縦 ϸ ü ǿ ߱ݼ̳ P FA м ʿϴ.
BPI ü ȭ ü ̱ ȭ ȸ(US Composting Council) Ʈũ ǽð ǰ Ʈ Ͽ ϴ ȭ ü ġϴ Ѵ. ȭ ü (The Compost Manufacturing Alliance) ̱ ΰ ȭ ü üμ ۺ ȭ ǰ 귣 Բ Ʈ ǽϸ ȭ Ѵ.
̷ ŷӰ ( ŷӴ), ̷ ü Ȱ ̿ ǰ 鿡 öƽ ۵Ǿ ν ŷڼ οϰ ̴. ȭ Ǵ ǰ Ÿ ʰ μ ȯǵ ڿ ȭ ư ʿ䰡 ִ.
ġ
̿ ǰ ǰ ɰ 䱸ǵ ٸ öƽ κ ϴ. ó ̿ öƽ öƽ ִ.
, 츮 꼺 ̰ ̱ ȭ ÷ ϴ 忡 ⵿ öƽ 踦 ̿ Ḧ Ѵ.
PFA (Polyfluoroalkyl, Per Ҹ) ̷ ִ ̴. 2013 ÷̶ ̸ Ҹ Ǹ鼭, P FA ü ణ Ͽ ο ̸ ̰, ʴ ÷ 忡 û ǰ ߴ. Ĺ ǰ öƽ Ͽ ؿԴ. ̿ 귣 ǰ ⸧ ʰ ü ʴ öƽ 䱸ߴ. ̷ ǰ ϴ ڵ ̸ ؼ PFA ã Ǿ. ‘ī(The Counter)’ ü( New Food Economy) ȭ ǰ Ḧ ϸ鼭 P FA ٽ ϰ Ǿ. ó ֿ ο PFA , Ҽ ó ǰ ִ.
PFA ҹǰ, е, β Ŀ Ƿ ԵǾ , ȭ ̿ ı ̽ Ȯǰ ̴.
ó ̿ öƽ Դ°?: PHA ˾ƺ!
Natureworks PLA 忡 ʱ (first mover)μ ( ) Ծ. ̿ öƽ о ű پ 鿡 ߾ (, , ܹ, Ź ũ, Űƾ( ؾǰ ), ߰ , ̿Ž 깰, hemp(), ȿ, ο). ȿ о߿ 뷮 ϰ Ǿ. PHA ִ ̴. PHA ȯ濡 ذ Ǵ Ư ̿ ӷμ, ̿Ͽ źҰ dz (̿ ) ȿϿ (ַ Ĺ ) ȴ. PHA ź üμ ̻ ־ Ư 뼺 Ѵ. 2016 ȭ ȸ Evonik پ پ diol diacid, Ȥ hydroxy acid, lactoneκ ռϿ Ƿ ڷ ȭϰ ߴ10).
Metabolix ̱ ó PHA ȭ ߰ 2014 ADM 2016 ߴܵǾ. ٴ . ѱ ǰ CJ(CJ Biomaterials) Metabolix PHA μߴ. 7 ̱ ̿ öƽ PHA , Danimer Scientific(P&G NodaxTM) RWDC Industries簡 PHA ϰ ػ罺ֿ PHBH ϴ Kaneka Biopolymers簡 ְ, ĶϾֿ PHB ϴ Mango Materials Newlight Technologies簡 ִ. ĶϾ ȸ PHB ȭϰ ִµ տ ź Ͽ ó ȯ ߱ϰ ִ.
ʱ 귣 ʵ PHA ǰ ߴ ̴. 2017 BBCۿ Blue Planet II ø Ǽҵ忡 ؼ ü û ߴ. ߸ ؾ ĩŸ ߴ.
PHA Ǹ ǰδ , Ÿ̾, ȭǰ, ó ̴ ⱸ, Ī ʸ̴. ȭ ǰ ұԸ δ ȭǰ ̴ ڵ , Ī ʸ, ٹ, Ƿ ջ öƮ, , е , ̳ ǰ , ȸ ǰ̳ ѵ Ƚ 뷮 Һ ǰ鵵 ִ.
, PLA ̱ 迡 Ͽ ڸ ̿ Ӱ Ǿ. PLA PHA PLA ɰ PHA ؼ 츰 Ŀ ϰ Ǿ(CJ PHACT® PHA NatureWorks PLA , Total Energies PLA ߱ PHA Blue Pha ִ).
COVID-19 ̵ ؼ ؾ߸ ߴ ̷ ߴ. ̱ ڵ鿡 ־ ο Ḧ ȸ ̱ ϴ. ˴ٿ Ⱓ Better for All ߱ ϴ Ŀ ̱ Ǵ PHBH ϱ ߴ. ̿ ġ PHBH ڵ Բ iMFLUX 迡 ǽð з ִ Ʈ-ϵ Ʈ ̷ ̿ öƽ ־ ̰ Ҹ ִ ̷.
̿ Ȱ ̷ Ͽ ( ν 䱸 - Design Thinking for Innovation!!)
̿ ȯ ư ؼ ̹ ȿ Ȱ ƴٴϴ öƽ ̸ üϱ ؼ ο ̿ ִ ʿϴ. 츮 ϴ ǰ ʿ䰡 ִ. ǰ ο ϰ ϴ 縦 ϰ ؾ Ѵ11). , Ḧ ؾ Ѵ. 츮 ̱ ̽ ưư ȿ, ڵȭ, ƴ ȯŰ ý ϴ Ѵ. 츮 ڵ ȭڵ 츮 ڿ ȿ ִ Ұ ư ϰ ߰ ִ 븦 淯 Ѵ. ̷ üκ Ʈ ڱ ġ ã ʴ ý Ѵ.
, 츮 ȸ ȹ ٿ ϸ ۵ ý ãƾ Ѵ. ̸ ؼ ǰ, , Ͽ ǰ ϰ Һϴ Ŀ ־ ο ʿϴ. ̷ Ȱ ȯ ̾ ϸ پ ̿ , ΰ ̴12).
- PHA Updates
1. ״ PRO-PHBV Ʈ Ͽ
ڿ ģȭ ٹ Ͽ
PRO-PHBV Ʈ 翡 Ʈ ƴϴ. Ʈ 츮 Һ Ȱ Ŀ ڿ ϴ ȸ ϸ Ʈ̴. 簡 ̿ϸ ̿ 簡 ǵ ϴ ȭ ῡ ̰ ϴ ̴. Ǹ鼭, ڿ ־ Ӱ ̷ ϰ ̴. Ʈ ״ AMS Institute, Delft, Paques Biomaterials, NPSP, Waardenburg Ecology, Material Sense LAB, Ahrend Բ Ѵ.
Ʈ PHA PHBV ̿ Ʈ ᰡ ڿȯ濡 ߺصǴ ϴ ǥ Ѵ. PHBV ̿Ž ϰų µ ٲپ پ ӿ ְ ϴ ԵǴµ ߷ҿ ڿ صǴ ˰ ̴.
2. ״ Paques Biomaterials, Senbis
״ Paques Biomaterials Senbis Polymer Innovations Ʈʽ ΰ öƽ 鼭 ̿ ο ã ϱ ߴ. 10 ̻ Paques Biomaterials ⼺ ̿ PHA ϴ ο ġ 罽 ִ. “츮 п ִµ, ̷ 踦 а ȭ ̿ Բ Դϴ. 츮 öƽ ü ִ 縦 մϴ. ̷ öƽ θ Ǹ鼭 ̼öƽ ְ Դϴ” ȸ â Joost Paques Ѵ.
Senbis Polymer Innovations ȭко (R&D) ϴ ȸμ ̿ ӿ ؼ ִ. Senbis Ѱ Ŵ Gerard Nijhoving “츮 Paques Biomaterials پ 뿡 ´ PHA ̵带 ϴ Դϴ. Paques Biomaterials簡 PHA , ⼺ ϸ ϴ 츮 Դϴ” Ѵ. Paques Biomaterials Caleyda Ҹ PHA 迭 ̿ Ӹ ִ. ̴ ̿ ̸ ȯ濡 ſ ؼ . ȸ ǰ ٴ ְ Ѵ. ̷ ϸ 鿡 ڿ ģȭ ִٰ ϰڴ. öƽ ־ 踦 Ƿ Paques Biomaterials翡Դ PHA ǰ ǰ ϰ ϴ ̴.
“Senbis ǸŵǴ ̿ Ӹ 鼭 ̿ ؿ ִ. 츮 ̿ Ӱ 뿡 ´ ˰ ִ. PHA ٸ ̿ öƽ Ư ־ ʿ䰡 ִ. 츮 ̷ Paques Biomaterial Բ ִٸ PHA Caleyda 忡 ſ ߿ ̿ Ӱ ̴. 츮 簡 Ŀ忡 ־ 簡 ִ. ̰ PHA ٸ ̿ ӿ ȥϴ ǹѴ. ̳, , 3D̳ ʸ 뿡 ̿ öƽ ȥϿ ϴ ̳ ӵ ְ ȴ.” Gerard Nijhoving Ѵ. ̾ “̷ Paques Biomaterials Caleyda ʿ ȭ 츮 ǰ PHA ϱ ̴. ư, ̷ Ŀ带 ̿Ͽ ο 뿡 ִ.
츮 츮 Ʈ 츮 ǰ ߿ ɼ ִ.” Ѵ.
̷ ο ȯ ġ 罽 ̹ ܰ迡 ִ. Paques Biomaterials ̹ ѱ Kolon Industries, Kolon Global MOU üߴ(öƽ ̾ 2023 6ȣ ). ̸ ؼ ǰ κ PHA 뷮ϰ Ѵ. , , ⼺ (ä/ )κ PHA ϴ ù ȭ ߿ ִ. ״ ټ , ȸ HVC Բ Paques Biomaterials ȭϰ ִ. PHA Ǿ , ġ 罽 ̸ ϰ Ͽ ̿ Caleyda θ PHA ̴. ܰ踦 Ͽ Senbis ſ ߿ϴ. İ ؼ Caleyda ̿ Ӵ ڿ ģȭ̸ ǰ 鼭 öƽ ŵ쳯 ̴.