ݷ ī̶ Ǵµ, ֱ⸦ ġ θϴ. ġ , . ݷ Ư ˴ϴ. , ġ ϴ ī̶(chirality), ݻ Ư Ÿ, ̷ ̿Ͽ ġ Ϸ õ Դϴ.
LCD, ȭ
LCD θ ϱ LCD ¾ , ȭϰ ִ 縦 Ͽ 캸ڽϴ. 1854, ߰ 絹 Ǹȣ ü Ű ˽Ѽ (lyotropic) ֽϴ. ٸ, ̳ ļ Ͽ. 1888, Ʈ Ĺ 帮 ̴ó Ĺ ݷ ڽ Ȯϱ λ, ȫ繫 ݷ ϰ ü ռϿ Ư , ݷ Ʈ ߰մϴ. ü ϸ ̻ ü ˴ϴ. ݷ Ʈ ϸ鼭 145.5 Ͼ Ź ü Ͽ, 178.5 µ ø ü Դϴ. µ ߸, ڻ, û Ź ü Ǿٰ ٽ ư. ġ ȭ Դϴ. ״ ϴ.
״ ÷μ ÷ ̰ Ͽ. мغ ü Ű ִ ߰մϴ. ϴ ̶ ߷̾ϴ. , ü ӿ , , ü (liquid flowability) ̹漺(optical anisotropy) ߰ߵ . ״ 帣 (flowing crystal) ǥմϴ. ü ü ߰ ü(liquid) (crystal), ̶ . ̴ġ ߰, âڰ Դϴ. ̴ µ (thermotropic) ̾߱Դϴ.
̷ Ͽ 1911, 丣 ڸ ÷Ʈ ̿ ְ Ͽ . 1922, Ͽ ‘ ߰ ’ Ѽ ǥϿ, ‘smetic, nematic, cholesteric’̶ 迭 մϴ. 1927, þ ܺ (, ڱ) ȿ ŵ ̷ Ͽ, 1933 ź ǥմϴ.
1962, ̱ RCA(Radio Corporation of America) ڰ LCD ʼ ϴ. ó Ͻ ٸ ΰϸ ڵ ̸鼭 Ű , ǥϸ鼭 ÷ μ ɼ մϴ. 1964, ϸ̾ (Dynamic Scattering Mode, DSM) ÷̸ ִٴ ɼ Ͽ, 1968, ħ LCD Դϴ. ΰϸ Ͽ ϴ ̿Ͽ. , ÷ 1960, DSM-LCD ù Ǿϴ. Ƽ Һ ũ, ȭ ʾ ȭ ġ ʾ, ǹ̴ ſ ũ.
3 1971, ̱ Ʈ ָ ۰Ž ƾ Ʈ, ġ ÿ TN(Twisted Nematic)-LCD մϴ. ̴ ó ǰ ִ , ¿ ΰϸ Ͽ ˰ . Һ ۰ 鿡 ȭ Ͽ ð質 ڰ Ǿϴ. LCD ǻȰ . 1971, (Optel) LCD ոð踦 , 1973, Ϻ LCD ð踦 ϱ Ͽ, 1976 ڰ մϴ.
, ǥϱ Ͽ Ŀ Ʈ ϴµ, ̸ ΰ ӵ ϴ 尡 ʿϰ Ǿ, STN(Super Twisted Nematic) 尡 մϴ. STN-LCD ̱ Ͽ, ȸϴ 240 ∼270 ſ ũ, ΰϸ ſ ް ȭǴ ־ Ȱ ֽϴ. Ʈ . ̿ TN(Twisted Nematic) ̿ ܼ ǥ ڷν ð質 ڰ ñⰡ LCD 1뿡 شմϴ. 2 ܼ Ʈ STN-LCD ǻ Ϳ ñԴϴ.
, TN-LCD ߵ ̵ 1972 밡 » ε ̱ Ͽ콺 ٹϸ鼭 ɵ LCD, , AM-LCD , ǥ. , AM-LCD ٺ Ǵ TFT ؼ 縦 ٷ ŭ 뵵 , ڽϴ. 1935, Ư㸦 Ͽ, 1945 ݵü Ȱ CdSe TFT ü Ի ڿ ǥǾ, ̸ 1972 ε LCD ϰ . ɵ Ʈ LCD Դϴ. , 1972 Ʋ Spear LeComber ۷ο ̿Ͽ ȭ Ǹ(amorphous Silicon, a-Si) , 1979 LeComber Ǹ ̿ TFT-LCD ǥմϴ. 1982 ٰ Ǹ(polycrystalline Silicon, poly-Si) TFT ̿ TV ʷ ȭǸ鼭 TFT-LCD ϰ . 1983 Ϻ LCD ÷ TV ʷ ǥմϴ. , LCD DSM-LCD TN-LCD, STN-LCD, TFT ġ AM-LCD ȭ Ͽ ϴ. 1985 TFT LCD ȭǾ, 1987, TV 3ġ TFT LCD , Ǹϱ Ͽ 1988 14ġ TFT Ȯ˴ϴ. , ù, , ͳ TV շϸ, Ʈ ǻ, ͺ TV ӵ ϴ. , 1991, 10ġ TFT LCD ƮϿ ͷ DZ Ͽ, ñ⸦ LCD 3 մϴ.
1995, Ī(In Plane Switching, IPS) ߰ , þ߰ о鼭 LCD ȭ 13ġ ̻ Ŀϴ. LCD 4 . 2000뿡 ѱ ֵ ϸ, ȭ ũ ػ Ѱ踦 غϸ鼭, LCD TV ϱ 2005 LCD 5 ֽϴ. ķδ LED äϰ, ư ϴ ο ũ, ְ TV ̸ ÷ κ LCD ϰ ֽϴ.
LCD, , з>>
(Liquid Crystal, LC) ü ü ü Ư ϴ Դϴ. ü ¿ ڳ ڵ ġ, Ÿ µ Ͽ ¿ Ÿ մϴ. ̿ ü ߰ (mesophase) δ (plastic crystal)̶ .
ũ µ (Thermo-tropic LC) (Lyotropic LC) մϴ. µ ؼ ٲ, 쿡 Ӱ ġ ̻ صǾ , ϰ . µ Ϲ µ, ġ ƽ(nematic) ƽ(smectic) еǸ, chirality ī̶(chiral) ī̶(achiral) ϴ. ī̶ ƽ ݷ(cholesteric) ε θµ, ̴ ó ߰ߵ ݷ ī̶ ƽ ̾ Դϴ. ƽ ִ ̸ ƽ Բ 1 Ǵ 2 ġ ִ Դϴ.
¿ ڵ Ư 迭 ϰ ֽϴ. ڿ 3,000 ̻ , LCD ̿Ǵ ַ µ մϴ. ̳ ڷ, Ÿ ܺ ؼ 迭 Ǵ ֱ . LCD 迭 ̿ , , ݷ(cholesteric), ƽ(nematic), ƽ(smectic) з ֽϴ.
LCD, з, ƽ >>
ƽ(nematic) ‘’ Ǿϴ. ְ ġ . ڵ ġ 쿡 ƽ Ҹ, ̴ ƽ ۰ ̷ Ư¡ ֽϴ. ƽ ڵ ϰ 迭ϰ ֽϴ. ڵ ġ Ǿ ʰ δ ̵ ֽϴ. ϴ. ڵ ȣۿ Ͽ ⼺ , , , ȭ Ɽ Ư鿡 ̹漺 Դϴ.
, ÷̸ Ͽ κ Ɽ ڷ Ǵ ƽ Դϴ. Ư LCD о߿ ܿ ߿ Դϴ. , ̹漺 Ƿ ܺο ΰ 忡 Ͽ ڰ Ȥ Ǹ, ̶ ϴ ϴ ̿ ƽ ÷Դϴ. ߿ ſ ܼϰ ־, ڸ ְ ɵ . , ȣۿ ܼϸ ̷ ؼ ̷ ֱ մϴ.
LCD, з, ƽ >>
ƽ(smetic)̶ ‘’ Ǿϴ. ڵ Բ ġ ̷ . ƽ ڵ ϸ 迭ǰ ڵ ִ Դϴ. Ͽ ó ̲ Ư , ƽ 2 ü Ÿϴ. üδ ̴ ݸ鿡 ڵ ̵ ѵ˴ϴ. Ƿ ƽ Ͽ ణ ܴ , ü ϸ ſ ϴ. Ɽ Ư Ƿ LCD ֽϴ.
LCD, з, ݷ >>
ݷ(cholesteric) , Ȥ ī̶ ƽ(chiral nematic) ƽ ֱ ϴ ī̶ ÷(chiral dopant) ÷ , ƽ ڰ ̸鼭 迭 ϴ. ̴ ݷ ε θµ, ̴ ó ߰ߵ ݷ ī̶ ƽ ̾ Դϴ. ݷ(cholesteric) ‘, ’ ϴ. ư ߰ߵ ķ ƽ ī̶ ÷ Ǿ ̸ ī̶ ƽ ̶ ϰ Ǿ. ϹǷ ܾ ǹ̷ ˴ϴ.
ݷ ī̶ Ǵµ, ֱ⸦ ġ θϴ. ġ , . ݷ Ư ˴ϴ. , ġ ϴ ī̶(chirality), ݻ Ư Ÿ, ̷ ̿Ͽ ġ Ϸ õ Դϴ. ݷ 300 ~ 1100 nm ī̶ ġ Ǹ 뿡 ϴ ڿܼ, ñ ܼ ݻ ֽϴ. , ī̶ ġ ν ڿܼ̳ ܼ , Ȥ ȭǰ ֽϴ. ̿ Բ 糪 ü ̴ ε մϴ. ݷ µ ΰϰ ϹǷ, µ ǥ ڷε ˴ϴ.
ƿ ÷̳ Ʈ ݻ, Ȥ Ǵ ̳ Ͽ մϴ. LCD ִ ݻ ֽϴ. , ϴ ݷ ݻ , ¸ ȯϿ Ȱ ֵ ϴ Դϴ. ̿ Բ ÷ Ϳ Ȱ ־ LCD ȿ ų 밡 Ǹ, å ÷̷ε Ȱ մϴ.
<ȣ ̾ >
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<۱ڨ 'öƽ̾' - .>
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