÷(FED) Ұ
÷(FED) CRT ϰ ִ , , µ , ڵ Ŀ̰ ΰ, ֻ ϱ ذ ü Ÿ, ū ǿ β ذϱ Ͽ ȵǾϴ. , ݵü ڸ, ĸ ̿Ͽ ũ ũ ̸ , ̷κ ƴ (Electric Field) ڵ (Emission), ӽѼ ü Ͽ ÷Դϴ. δ ݼ̳ Ǹ , ź Ʃ(Carbon Nano Tube, CNT), Ȥ ǥ鿡 پϰ Ǿ, ̷ ȭҸ ϹǷ ֻ ʿġ ʽϴ. ƿ, ǰ ü ݵ 1mm ̳, ü CRT ٴ kV Ⱑ ǹǷ ؼ ÷̷μ ִٴ ŷ ֽϴ.
1968 ̱ SRI(Stanford Research Institute) ݼ ̿ (Field Emitter Array, FEA) ν, ݵü ۵Ǵ , , ̼ڰ(vacuum microelectronics) о ϴ. ̸ Ѽ 1985 LETI(Laboratorie d'Electronique de Technologie et d'Instrumentation) ִ ü , ̸ ÷ ڸ ÿϿ FED ǰȭ ɼ Ͽϴ. ̾ Ƽ 1992 FED ϱ ó, PixTech Ǿ, ü ߰ ǥ շϿ ݼ FEA Ѱ, Ư , ȭ, 꼺 庮 ϰ, 亸 · ̾ϴ. 2000뿡 鼭 Z ij ݼ FEA Ͽ CNT FED ǥ ÷(Surface-conduction Electron-emitter Display, SED) ǰ ÿϴ , FED ǰȭ Ͽ, LCD OLED, ȭ ̰ ҽϴ. Ư, 2000뿡 , Ϻ Ҵϰ FED , ȭ 2009 Ͽ, ᱹ LCD Ǿ, ̾ 2010 븸 AUO(AU Optronics) Ͽ, 2016 , ᱹ FED 忡 Ͽϴ.
FED δ ÷̵ 庮 Ͽٴ ġ, κп ־ϴ. , ȿ ַ ڰ Ǵ κ Ǵµ, κ ̿° 浹̳ ջ Դ´ٴ Դϴ. ̶ ̿µ ܷ ü鿡 ɸ鼭 ϰ . ٸ ÷ ΰ CRT Ǿ Ѵٴ Դϴ. ð ۵Ͽ ϴµ, ڳ ̿° 浹ϴ üκ ܷ ü ߷ ɿ ݴϴ. ܿ ϼ, ü , Ʈ Ʈ ġ ʾҴ ̾ϴ.
FEA FED Ȱ Ǿ 1990 10Ⱓ ñ ڵ ̼ڰ ŷ¿ Ѳ ִ ñ⿴ϴ. FED ݵü Ͽ, ũ ̼ , ڱ ùķ̼, ȭ ̷а , ȸο ý Ǿ, ÷̷ν Ǿ, ̸ ̿ Ļ , , ͳθ , ũ , x-ray , ̿ ݱ ̾ ǰȭ ǿȭ ̷ ֽϴ. ϴ ̷κ 깰, ᱹ ġ Ѵٴ Ȯմϴ.
÷(VFD) Ұ
VFD ⺻ 3 , ʶƮ ڰ ϸ鼭 , ȭǾ ؿ ִ ü Ű鼭 ߱ϴ , ڹ߱ ÷Դϴ. ⺻ CRT ϳ, , ٴ ڳ ǥ. ü 뵵 ° ʹ Ǿ , 뵵 ü ǰ ̿ ߾ 뵵 ÷̿ ش. ĵδ (static) , (dynamic) , ɵ Ʈ(Active Matrix, AM ) ˴ϴ. ȭ(segment) 쿡 Ǹ 带 ʰ ΰǸ, ؿ ΰǴ ܺ п ǥ ° ˴ϴ. ȭҰ , 輱 ̱ 带 ϴ Դϴ. , ȭҸ 迭ϰ ĪϿ, մϴ. ɵ Ʈ ڵ ϸ鼭 ȸΰ ϱ ȭҸ ȸΰ ġν, ػ ʿ ϴ 쿡 մϴ. Ϲ 640nit ̰, Ⱑ ʿ 쿡 4,000nit մϴ. , 1,500ð Ұ, 30,000ð ̸ϴ.
ʱ VFD 1959 ʸ ߵǾ, ǰ ܻ ǰ · ϴ. , 1960 鼭 7-segment Ÿ Ϻ ߵǾ, ڰ ȿ Ǿ, 1970 , ڰ Բ ũ Ͽϴ. 1980뿡 ĸ μ VFD Ǿ, پ ǰ ǥñμ Ǿµ, Ư LCD Į ǥ ñ پ Ͽ, Ͽ ̷ν ӱ, , , ڵ ι а Ǿϴ.
1990뿡 ڸ 輱 ϸ鼭 ڿ Բ پ ȣ ȱ ǰ õǾ, LCD ް ü ⸦ ¾ Ϻ , ܸ, ڰ, ý ݱ Ϻ ǰ ִ ȲԴϴ.
ٸ, VFD ־ ұԸ 忡 ڸ ˴ϴ. , ֿ ÷ LCD OLED Ը ڿ ü, ߽ ǰ ҷ 꿡 ʱ , VFD ÷̵ Ű üȭ DZ ÷̷μ 밡 Ǹ, ķε δ ҷ ǰ, ִ 뵵 ߱, Ȯϴ ֽϴ.
߱ ̿(LED)Ұ>>
LED ߱, ߱ ݵü ̳, LCD ĸ (back-light) ǰ, LED 迭Ͽ ƿ ÷, LED ÷̷ ̸, ֱٿ ÷ ȭ ŭ̳ LED Ĩ Ͽ TV , Ȥ ũ ÷̷ν ̿ϰ ϴ ũ LED μ , Ϻ ǰȭ ۵ǰ ־ ÷̷ν з, Ұϰ մϴ. LED Ĩ p n ݵü (hetero-junction) µ, ΰ. n ݵü κ Ե ڿ p ݵü Ե ݵü , , ٸ 뿪 ̵ Ͽ p-n պο αٿ 尸 Ѿ ϴµ, 尸 شϴ ˴ϴ.
ȭչ , , մϴ. ȿ ð ̻ ſ . ڵδ ̳ ̿ǰ, ̸ ̷ ̳ ÷̿ Ȱ Դϴ. ÿ ñ , ڿܼ, ܼ ߱ մϴ. ȭ , Ͽ , AlGaAs ܼ̳ , AlGaInP , , , AlGaN, GaN, InGaN , Ķ, , ڿܼ, GaAsP , , , GaP , , , ZnSe , Ķ , δ ַ, ̾ źȭ Լ Ǹ, Լ Դϴ.
LED 1907, ü ῡ Ǵ 쿬 ߰ κ Ե˴ϴ. 1920 ߹ݿ ó LED ߱ ڰ , 1962 ̱ ʷ ϷƮ(General Electric, GE) ñ ǿ LED ʷ Ͽϴ. Ŀ ַ , ǥõ Ǿ, 1970 ʹݿ 7 Ʈ ǥ ġ Ǿϴ. پ ݵü ߷ ʷ, Ȳ LED Ͽ ǥ ڿ Ǹ鼭 ϻ Ǿϴ. ʱ ļ 뿪 ַ , ݵ ſ ҽϴ. 1990 ʹݿ Ϻ GaN(Gallium Nitride) û LED ߿ Ͽ, ̸ ȿ LED Ǿ 3 LED ְ Ǿ, LED ϴ.
̿ LED , ʷ, Ķ ߵ Ǵ ũ ̷, ٷⰡ ϱ Դϴ. Ư 3 ÷̸ Ŀ ִ , Ķ, ʷ LED ̷ӽϴ. , 1980 LED ǿȭǾ, ǿ뼺 ֵ Ķ LED Ͽϴ. ʷ LED ־, ʷ LED Ķ LED Ŀ GaN Ḧ Ͽ 鼭 μ LED RGB Ǿ. LED ߵ ġ ʾҽϴ. ӵ Ʈ ̹Ƿ Ư LED ϱ Ѱ谡 ֽϴ. ַ ü ̿ϰ , Ȥ RGB 3 LED 쵵 ֽϴ. 1990 ߹ݿ LED ȿ 鿭 Ѿ, 2000뿡 鼭 ɰν LCD BLU(Back Light Unit) ̿˴ϴ. 2004 ҴϿ ʷ LCD TV LED BLU Ͽ, LED BLU ä LCD TV ‘LED TV’ 귣 Ȯ, Ǹ鼭 ĸ ̾ CCFL(Cold Cathode Fluorescent Lamp) ̻ ʰ Ǿϴ. ֱٿ LED Ĩ ȭ, Ĩ ũⰡ 100~50 ũ RGB LED ÷ ȭҿ 迭ν ũ LED ȭϿ, 2018 ǰڶȸ(CES) Zڴ 146 ġ ũ ũ LED TV ֽϴ.
翡 Z ʱ ǰ , ȮϿ . , TV ϼ OLED TV, ȭ QLED TV, ¾ ũ LED TV մϴ. ̿ ؼ Ŀ һ ϰڽϴ. LED, ÷ ֺ ߽ ȭ ̵, ‘ũ LED’ ϼ.
߱ ̿(OLED)Ұ
OLED ߱ ϴ ڹ߱ ÷̷ν, ÷̵ ߿ β , µ öƽ ǿ Ƿ ְų ִ ÷̷ε ǰ ֽϴ. ũ LED , ذ ذ ݼӰ ̰ ̶ LED ٸϴ. , ذ ڷ , Ȥ ū OLED OLED е˴ϴ. (ڷ 1,000 ̸ , 10,000 ̸̻ ڷ з. 1,000 10,000 ̴ øӷ θϴ. ٸ, OLED ڿ ڸ ڷ 10 մϴ)
ǰ ִ OLED OLEDԴϴ. 캸, ؿ Ե , 鼭 ߱ ϰ, ݴ ؿ Ե ڵ , , ߱ մϴ. ߱ ڵ ġ鼭 ü (exciton) ϴ. ڴ ״ Ǿ (excited state) ִ , ڰ Ͽ º ¿ شմϴ. ̷ ´ Ͻ Ҿ ·, (ground state) ٽ ư, ̿ شϴ ϴ. , ڳ 忡 , , , ߱ 4ܰ踦 ġ.
OLED ῡ ߱ ԵǾϴ. 1963, б M. Pope ߱ ʷ Ͽ, 1987, ̽Ʈ ڴ 鿡 Ͽ ɼ ִ OLED ʷ ǥǾµ, ̴ ۵Ǿ, 2 ذ 2 ⸷ Ǿϴ. ڸ ̿ OLED ߰ Բ ϰ Ǿµ, ڴ 1977, ĶϾ б Ͽ, 1990 ķ긮 б Ͽ OLED ϰ ˴ϴ. , 1998, ȿ OLED õ α OLED (Phosphorescent OLED, PHOLED) б ĶϾ б Ͽ ߵǸ鼭 ȿ ũ Ǹ, ڴڰ 䰡 ɵ OLED(AM-OLED) ǥմϴ. ⼭ , OLED ȹ 캸.
ǰȭ , 1996, Ϻ ̿Ͼ ڵ ܻ ÷̸ Ͽ, 2003 ڴ ī ÷̿ Į AM-OLED Ͽϴ. 2007 ҴϿ ʷ11ġ OLED TV ȭ Ǿ, ҷ 꿡 ġ Ͽ, 2012 OLED TV ö մϴ. , 2007 Z Ʈ ǥ ÷̷μ ֵϿ, ̾ LG TV OLED ϰ Ǹ鼭 پ ǿ ˴ϴ. 2013 LG Ͽ OLED Į 50ġ ̻ OLED TV ȭ Ǹ鼭, LCD ϰ Ǿ, 忡 LCD Ѿ, ̾ TV 忡 LCD, , QLED(Quantum-dot LED) ġ ϰ ֽϴ. TV , 88ġ-8K OLED TV ȭ Ǿ, κ TV ̸ Ͽ , öƽ Ǵ Ư¡ ̿Ͽ (foldable) Ʈ ִ(rollable) TV ǰ ϴ , ÷ 忡 LCD Բ ֵθ ֽϴ.
ڸ ߱ (TFLED) Ұ
߱(EL) ڴ LED OLED, , ټ ģ ߱ (ElectroLuminescent Devics, ELD) е˴ϴ. LED ݵü p-n αٿ ϴ - 缺 ̸ ̿ϰ, OLED - ̿ϴµ Ͽ, ELD ߱ ߽ ÷ ڰ ǰ ̷ ڵ ߱ ߽ (impact excitation) Ǵ ̿մϴ. Ư ڰ ' EL' Ǹ, ̷ EL ڴ ټ ڰ 켱 ŵ ϰ ˴ϴ.
EL ̿ TFELD(Alternating Current TFELD, AC-TFELD) ȭ鿪 ϴ ε ּ ȭ((Indium Tin Oxide, ITO) ǰ , ߱, ڸ ĸ ݼ Դϴ. ذ ĸ ̿ Ӱġ Ѵ ΰǸ ߱ ϰ ڸ ִ . ̿ܿ EL(Direct Current EL, DC-EL), и ̿ϴ ĸ(thick film) EL ִµ, ¡ AC-TFELD ̾ϴ. AC-TFELD ߱ ϸ, 1MV/cm ̻ 忡 ڵ(hot electrons) ߱ ߽ , ȭŰ ˴ϴ. , ߱ ο Ǵ 1 ڵ ߱ (interface states)κ ͳθ ȿ, ߱ κ Poole-Frenkel ȿ, Կ ȹ κ Ǵ Ǵµ, Ư ֿ ߱ ȹ ͳθ̶ ֽϴ. , 迡 ߱ Ե 1 ڵ ߱ 迡 ؼ ӵǸ, ӵ ڴ ߱ ߽ ̿ ڸ 浹 (direct impact excitation)Ű ȹ ڴ Ǿٰ ٽ · õϸ鼭 Ű . ڵ ݴ 鿡 ȹǾٰ ܺ ؼ Ǹ ٽ ݺǸ鼭 ؼ ߱ ˴ϴ. , AC-TFED ļ ֵ մϴ. EL 1936 , Destriau ó , 鱤 ϴٴ ָ ־, 1950뿡 ϰ ڸ(thin film) ۵ ֽϴ. 1974 Ϻ 2 TFELD Ͽ, 1980 90뿡 ̸ ̱ Planar簡 ǰ ǰ ǥϴ , ̱ Lite tech Luxell, ij Westaim , TFELD ȸ Ӽ Ͽϴ. ÿ ü ÷̷ν , Ư¡ ũ ÷, ÷, ũ ̼ 巡 Ǿ, , ǰ ڸ ϴ 꼺 , ̾ LCD Ѱ迡 ̸ 2000뿡 Ѿ鼭 ڷ ÷̰ Ǿϴ. ٸ, EL Ͽ İ ̵ ݵ ε EL 迭 ÷̵, , LED OLED ħ ǰ ڸմϴ.
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