2.1.1 4 ǿ Ȳ
1) 4
δƮ 4.0( 4.0) ǥ ִ IoT, CPS ICT ߴ â, 忡 ο ġ ְ ִ. ̷ ٺ 4 ǥǾ. 4 ̶ ű ICT ô ο ˸ ǥ ڸűϿ ̴ ͳ ǻ ǥǾ 3 Ͽ ȴ.
繰ͳ(IoT: Internet of Things) ̷ 忡 ʿ ȯ ͳ Ͽ Ѵ. ̷ ۵ ʹ Big data analytics, Artificial intelligence ǻ м Ͽ ο ġ âѴ. δƮ 4.0 忡 ο ġ ο ְ Ǿ ̸ Ͽ ο ȯ ְ Ǿ. Ǽ迡 Ǵ ǰ Ʈũ Ǿ 繰 ȭ ̲ ִ Ǹ ٰδ , 3D , , ÷ κ , پ й · Ѵ.
< 2-1> Ȯ ֵ 18 ϴ 1 ۵Ǿ, η Ͽ. 1870 ̾ Ʈ(Conveyor belt) Ͽ Mass Production 2 Ǿ, PLC, κ, Industrial computer ǻ ߴ Ͽ ڵȭ ü踦 Ǿ 3 ̷ ־.
4 ̺ ư Ʈũ Ǹ 忡 ICT ԵǴ · ٸ ϸ鼭 ̷ ο μ Digitalization ǰ ҵ Ʈũ ν ɰ ʿἺ Ư¡ з ȭ ǵǰ ִ.
2) 4 Ȳ
ѱ 4 θ 亯 ‘ ˰ ִ’(14.0%), ‘ ˰ ִ’(50.4%) 64.4% ˰ ִٴ Ͽ, δ ‘Ҵ’(33.8%), ‘ ’(1.8%) Ͽ.
2017 4 “4 νİ û” ϸ, Ͽ ұ 279 ü Ͽ. 亯δ ‘4 ˰ ִ’(40.9%), ‘ ô’(48.0%), ‘ ’(11.1%) Ͽ.
4 ش ü ־ ‘ſ ߿ϴ’(6.3%), ‘߿ϴ’(51.7%) 57.9% ߿ϴٿ Ͽ, ‘ ڴ’(13.7%), ‘߿ ʴ’(28.4%) ־ 4 ‘˰ ִ’ 69.7% ‘ Ҵ’ 38.0% ‘߿ϴ’ Ͽ Industry 4.0 ؼ ˼ ش ü ̶ ǴѴٰ ؼ ִ. , 4 ε鿡 ‘߿ϴ’ ü δ ‘꼺 ̴’, ‘꿡 ԵǴ ̴’, ‘Һ پ 䱸 ̴’ Ͽ. ‘ Կ ̴’, ‘ü ȭǰ ͼ ȭ ̴’, ‘ ȯ ȮǼ ̴’ Ͽ.
뿡 信 Ͽ ϸ, ‘ ’(59.0%), ‘ ’(15.4%), ȭ (25.6%) Ǹ, ҵ ü ǮŸ (61.%) Ͽ. ڵ, ö, , ȭ ‘ ҵ ’̶ ICT IT 迡 ‘ ’̶ Ҵ. δ ҿ ȭ, , ڵ, ö ‘ ’ Ǿ ϴ IT 46.2% , 19.2% ̶ Ͽ.
2.2 Ʈ 丮
2.2.1 Ʈ 丮 Ȳ
1) Ʈ 丮
α ȭ α ҷ õ η ȭ, ġ ʿ伺 ð ְ ̿ ؿܷ ϴ (off-shoring) ϰ , ̷ ߽ ǰ ִµ ̷ Ȳ ذϱ Ʈ 丮 BASF, DFKI, KSB, SIEMENS 鿡 Ȯε ִ. 2011 4 Ʈ “Industry 4.0” âϸ鼭 DZ Ͽ.1)
̷ “Industry 4.0” Ȯ ü ݵ ؾ ϴ νĵǰ ִ. ̸ ϴ ٽ Ʈ 丮 ν ȭ ൿ ڿ а ǰ ִ.
Ʈ 丮 Ǿ Ͽ 2035 ϼ ǥ ε (Industry 4.0 õ, 2015)ϰ ϴ Ʈ 丮 , ϰ ϴ Ʈ 丮 , , ǥ ϴ ȯ, ؿ ſ پϰ ǥǰ ִ.9)
Ʈ 丮 Ǵ Industry 4.0 ٽ ҷ Ǿ10) Ư ڵ Ϻ ̴ ϳ ICT հ 꼺 , ȿ ͼ 븦 ߱ϴ ν ڵȭ Ѿ 11)̶ õ ִ.
, Ʈ 丮 ǰ, ɷ 䱸 ǰ , ſ ϴ ϴ ̸12), ü踦 ǰ ܰ Ǵ ν ´ ǰ , ݿ, ǰ ϸ鼭, ÿ ȸ 䱸 ȯ ϰ Ͽ ۾ , ȸ ȣϴ ϱ Ѵ.(̱ǥرȸ(NIST), 2015)
ѹα 2015 3 “ 3.0 å” “ǰ ȹ, , , , Ǹ IT Ͽ ּ ð ǰ ϴ ”̶ ߴ.
ѱűȸ “ǰ , , , ü ICT Ͽ 꼺, ǰ, ִ ”̶ ϰ ִ. , “̹ ý(Cyber Physical Systems : CPS) ̿ Ȱ ǰ Ͽ ڻ ȭϰ, IoT ġϿ ǽð ȯϿ 꼺 Ű ּȭϰ Ѵ. ǰ ġ, ڵ Ͽ , ڿ ȿ ϴ Ʈ ”̶ ִ. ‘ΰյ Ʈ’ ý ߽ Ͽ “ ڵȭ MES, FEMS, PDM, SCM, ERP ICT ̿Ͽ ”̶ Ͽ.
̱(2016)13) , “ 繰ͳ, , Ŭ ǻ, CPS ICT Ͽ , ʿ ġ ȣ Ʈũ ü”, “ Ϳ ǽð , , ȰǾ , , Ǿ ǰ 꿡 ȭ ”̶ Ͽ, (2016)14) “ ý ϴ հ 䱸 ǰ Value Chain Ǵ ”̶ ִ. (2015)15) “ ȭ ICT ս 꼺 ȿ ̰ ڵȭ ̸ ǰ ҷ ҽŰ ý ȭŰ ” ִ.
2) Ʈ 丮 Ȳ
ռ ٿ Ʈ 丮 ʷ ؼ ѹα, Ϻ, ̱, ߱, EU ֿ ߿伺 Ͽ Ȱ å ξϰ · ȭ, ȭ, å ϱ Ʈ 丮 ϰ ִ. ̴ ȭϱ ߴ , Ȯ· ϴ å ϰ ִ. ֿ ȭ ϱ å ÷ پϰ ϰ ִ. Ʈ R&D εʿ ֿ Ʈ 丮 Ȳ ϸ .16)
Ȳ ٿ 2015 3 “ 3.0 å” ϸ鼭 ÿ ۵ Ʈ 丮 Ͽ ų ްϰ ϰ ִ. Ȳ ǥ οϿ.
߽ ·߰߱ · Ʈ ٴ ICT ̸ ڿο Һóθ ߽ ǥؿ, Ʈ 丮 , âż, Ѹ ^, κ , ̳ȸ پ о, ϰ ִ.
Ȳ Ȯϸ 100 ̸, ٷ 10 ~ 50 ̸ 50% ϰ ְ Ʈȭ ܰ谡 79% ȭ ܰ κ ڷῡ Ȯ ִ.17)
̿ ·߰߱ Ʈ 丮 ܼ ICT · ϰ ְ, Ϻ ̵ ̶ ǰߵ ִ.15)
츮 δ Ʈ 丮 ߰ 2022 2 ȮϿ 3 ϰ , ÿ Һóο ȭ ̸ ߿ ִ.(2019, Һó)
ֱ Ʈ 丮 Ͽ ұ Һó 2019 ϸ ұ ȭ 翡 , Ʈ 丮 ý 2015 ý 찡 66.2% Ұ, 2010 2014 ̿ 29.4%, 2005 2009 ̿ 1.7%, 2000 2004 ̿ 1.6% Ǿ.
Ʈ 丮 ý Ͽ Ȱϴ ַλ ‘’ 9.3% 90.7% ַλ Ұ, ַλ Ե ý Ҿ 41.6%, ʿ ̳ ƴٴ 32.4%, ȿ ٰ 29.8%, ýϰ ʾƼ ƴٴ 29.0% Ǿ.
<>
1) 缺(2017), Ʈ 丮 м : ڵ ǰ ߽, ϴбп ڻ.
2) Ȳ°(2018), Ʈ 丮 Կ , бп .
3) Һó(2019), ұ ȭ 2018, ұ , ߰Ϲȣ 11-B552104-000031-10.
4) (2019), ڵȭ Ʈ ȿ м, հбп ڻ.
5) ö(2018), Ʈ ΰ м : TOE IS ߽, Ѽбп ڻ.
6) ȫ(2018), Ʈ 丮 ٽɱ 뿡 濵 м : غ ܰ 濵 ִ ߽, ббп .
7) Һó(2020), ڷ( ).
8) (2019), Ʈ CPS ڵȭ ġ , հбп .
9) ֿȯ, ֻ(2017), Ʈ ý ұ ¿ ġ ο , Information Systems Review 19 2ȣ.
10) Kagermann, H., Helbig, J., Hellinger, A., & Wahlster, W. (2013). Recommen-dations for implementing the strategic initiative INDUSTRIE 4.0: Securing the
11) (2018), ڵȭ MES(ý) Ʈ 丮 : A ʸ ߽, бп .
12) Koren, Y. (2010). The global manufacturing revolution: product-process-business inte-gration and reconfigurable systems (Vol. 80). John Wiley & Sons.
13) ̱(2016), Ʈ R&Dε, ڰȸ.
14) (2016), ·߰ Ʈ 丮 , ѱȸ .
15) ,,,(2015), Ʈ ǥȭ , ѱȸ( ).
16) (2016), Ʈ ̹ý(CPS) ̽, ڰȸ.
17) Ʈ(2016), https://www.smart-factory.kr/
()̹ũ ǥ б п Դϴ. ű ߴ 忡 ٶ ϰ ֽϴ. ̿ öƽ Ʈ 丮ȭ ټ ǹ뿡 DZ⸦ ٶ öƽ̾ ϰ ˸ϴ.
< ̾ϴ.>